Recalling X IPS 2

Group 1 The Wright Brothers

BY

ANANDA SYIFA, MUHAMMAD FAKHRI, 
SAFINA RIZKIANI, SALMA AYU

#This is group 1 is presenting about The Wright Brothers

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Have you ever known The Wright Brothers?
Who are The Wright Brothers?

   

  They are the most influential brothers in history, Wilbur and Orville Wright’s creative and technological genius revolutionized transportation on planet Earth. Originally from Dayton, Ohio the two owned a bicycle repair shop and spent their spare time working towards a dream of creating a powered and controlled flying machine. Realizing that dream on December 17, 1903, modern aviation was born. Throwing open the doors for travel, communication, and international commerce, the world was reconfigured as a global community.

In this chapter we are gonna use 2 grammar :

SIMPLE PAST TENSE
= Simple past tense events happened in the past but the time is known.

Shape	Make Simple Past Tense	Example
Positive (+)	·Subject + verb 2 + object · Subject + was/were + adjective/adverb	· We attended the festival last week · She was absent yesterday
Negative (-)	· Subject + did not + verb 1 + object · Subject + was/were + not + adjective /adverb	· We did not attend the festival last week · She was not absent yesterday
Interrogative   (?)	· Did + subject + verb 1 + object? · Was/were + subject + adjective/adverb?	· Did they attend the festival last week? · Was she absent yesterday?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
=  Present perfect tense is a tense that presents an event that happened before one specific time in the past but still continues today.

Shape	Make Present Perfect Tense	Example
Positive (+)	· I/You/We/They + have + verb 3 · He/She/It + has + verb 3	· They have lived in Jakarta for a long time · He has learned English for one year
Negative (-)	· I/You/We/They + have + not + verb 3 · He/She/It + has + not + verb 3	· They have not lived in Jakarta for a long     time · He has not learned English for one year
Interrogative  (?)	· Have + I/You/We/They + verb 3? · Has + He/She/It + verb 3?	· Have they lived in Jakarta for a long time? · Has he learned English for one year?

For and Since

The sentence presents the perfect tense, the time information that is often used is for and since. The explanation is as follows:

For

Since

· Used to indicate how long the time period lasts. Example : I have lived in New York for five years. · For it can be omitted in a present perfect tense sentence because this time statement is still understandable even though it is not accompanied by a sentence. Example : (+) He has worked here (for) several years. (-) He has not worked here (for) several years. (?) (For) how long has he worked here? · There are several verbs that cannot be used together with the word for, such as: began   arrive   meet   end  leave  stop She has arrived in New York for two years. This sentence is incorrect because the word arrive describes an event that occurs once and does not continue for a certain period of time. The correct sentence should be a simple past as follows: She arrived in New York three years ago.

· Used to indicate when a time period starts. Example : I have lived in New York since five years ago · Since it cannot be removed in the present perfect tense sentence because it can eliminate the information function of time itself and the meaning of the sentence. Example : (+) He has worked here since June. NOT :  He has worked here June. (-) He has not worked since June NOT : He has not worked June. (?) Since when has he worked here? NOT : when has he worked here?

Usage

We already know the present perfect tense understanding and formula. To be able to use and recognize it correctly, we must also understand its use, namely as follows:

Usage	Example
a) To explain an event that began in the past (past) and still continues today.	· We have lived in New York for three years. · She has studied in Melbourne since two years     ago. Both of these incidents began in the past and still continue today. That is, We still live in New York and She is still studying in Melbourne until now.
b) To explain events that began and ended in the past and their effects continue today.	· I have tasted the cake · Alan has lied to all of us Both of these events began and ended in the past and their effects can still be felt today. That is, I can still feel the taste of the cake even though I have tasted it in the past. And, Alan's lies can still be felt even though Alan lied in the past too. So, use the present perfect tense.
c) To show that an event occurred repeatedly in the past.	· Alex has called you five times · I have read the book several times All of these events are events that occur repeatedly in the past. Usually using adverb of number.
d) To reveal the event that just happened or was done.	· My father has just gone to the office. · They have just announced the winner. All of these events just happened. Usually the adverb word is just used for this purpose.

Keep in mind that the present perfect tense is used in events that connect between past (present) and present (present). If we can remember this, the present perfect tense is an easy thing to understand.